Chen, Hao
Zhang, Lina
Du, Simeng
Yang, Daiwei
Cui, Xiaobin
Zhao, Huadong
Zhang, Jun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (JCYJ20230807094003006)
Province Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2021QH340)
Article History
Received: 24 October 2023
Accepted: 19 February 2024
First Online: 6 March 2024
Declarations
:
: This study was filed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong University School of Stomatology (No.20220506). Premolars from individuals aged 12 to 18 years, requiring extraction for orthodontic reasons, were collected with informed consent from both the children and their parents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.