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Article History
Received: 1 July 2020
Accepted: 16 October 2020
First Online: 28 October 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Both the King’s College London Research Ethics Committee (King’s College London) and University of Oxford Medical Sciences Inter-Divisional Research Ethics Committee (University of Oxford) ruled that no formal ethics approval was required in this particular case. All centers provided informed consent for their data to be collected and used.
: Not applicable.
: JEF is Honorary Clinical Advisor for the LifeBox Foundation (unpaid), Trustee of the Surgical Research Gateway (SURG) Foundation (unpaid), and a consultant for the global healthcare practice at KPMG International (paid). All remaining authors have no competing interests with the aforementioned study or manuscript.