Wang, Bowen
Li, Liangzhi
Nakashima, Yuta
Kawasaki, Ryo
Nagahara, Hajime
Article History
Received: 4 April 2022
Accepted: 23 March 2023
First Online: 4 May 2023
Declarations
:
: Osaka University Hospital IRB (Ethical Review Board of Osaka University Hospital) approved the study and waived the informed consent for the study under number 19299(T1)-2. In our case, no written consent was obtained as the study protocol was considered not to require one from the IRB (National guideline "Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects") for this type of observational research. Rather we publicized these study protocols to the patients, and patients can act on the information to decline participation, which is recognized as an opt-out approach.All methods in this study are carried out in accordance with the Protection of Personal Information—Japanese/English—Japanese Law Translation and Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects. All data used in this study were anonymized before their use.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.