Yamada, Masako
Asakura, Kyoko
Takada, Nozomu
Hara, Yukari
Sugiyama, Shoko
Article History
Received: 26 April 2022
Accepted: 7 September 2022
First Online: 27 September 2022
Declarations
:
: The study procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human participants in Japan and the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Board of Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (approval numbers: first survey 2020–1-053, second survey 2021–1-111). Written informed consent was obtained from all nurse executives before the survey. In writing, we explained the purpose and content of the study to the nurse executives of each facility, who were asked not to pressure the nurses to participate. When individual nurses were requested to respond, we explained the purpose of the study, that their participation was voluntary, and that their responses would remain confidential. Returning the paper questionnaire or answering the web survey were interpreted as consent to participate. All questionnaires were anonymous.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.