Konya, Issei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-5955
Nishiya, Kotone http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-7314
Shishido, Inaho http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-111X
Hino, Marie http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2408-1461
Watanabe, Kazuhiro http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0785
Yano, Rika http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-8763
Article History
Received: 25 July 2022
Accepted: 23 December 2022
First Online: 16 January 2023
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, approved all protocols in Study 1 (approval no. 21–51) and Study 2 (approval no. 21–80). The participants received a verbal and written explanation of the aims and methods, including the right to withdraw from the study at any point without prejudice and insurance that confidentiality and anonymity would be protected throughout all components of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before participating in our research. All methods in this study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.