Dizon, Matthew P.
Chow, Adam
Ong, Michael K.
Phibbs, Ciaran S.
Vanneman, Megan E.
Zhang, Yue
Yoon, Jean
Article History
Received: 10 October 2023
Accepted: 30 April 2024
First Online: 8 May 2024
Declarations
:
: This work was covered by the Leland Stanford Junior University Institutional Review Board (Protocol #39380). The Leland Stanford Junior University Institutional Review Board issued a waiver of informed consent for the study for the following reasons: (1) the study involved no more than minimal risk to participants because it utilized data that were already collected and strict measures were implemented to maintain confidentiality; (2) the study could not be practicably carried out without the waiver; (3) the research could not practicably be carried out without using identifiable private information; (4) the waiver did not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the participants; and (5) participants would be provided with additional pertinent information whenever appropriate. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Additional approvals were obtained from the University of Utah and Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs (VA) Institutional Review Boards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.