Funding for this research was provided by:
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PZ00P3 148200)
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Article History
Received: 3 June 2021
Accepted: 25 April 2022
First Online: 24 May 2022
Declarations
:
: All experiments were carried out in accordance with the current laws of Switzerland. This study was approved by the Federal Veterinary Office (approval number ZH011/15). The parks all gave us the authorization to conduct this study on their animals. These parks where the wild species were housed are open to public and the animals are habituated to the presence of people. This allowed us to approach the animals close enough to conduct the playback experiments. The wild animals were never manipulated or isolated. Owners of the domestic horses gave prior consent for participation. Some of the domestic horses (<i>N</i> = 20/24) and all the pigs were briefly isolated in pairs from the rest of their group for the purpose of the experiment, during, and after habituation (max: 10 min during the habituation days and 3 min for the tests; 1 min pre- and post-playback and 1 min of playback). They were immediately returned into their group following the end of the habitation/test.
: All owners of the studied animals and all authors consented to the publication of the manuscript.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.