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Article History

Received: 17 November 2017

Accepted: 12 February 2018

First Online: 20 March 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of each participating center and signed informed consent was provided by each participant. The IRB/Human Subjects Committee protocol numbers are as follows: Boston University School of Medicine: H-22384 Johns Hopkins University: H.34.94.05.23.A University of Minnesota: 9406M8378 New York University: H8185 University of Pittsburgh: 9406129 University of California at Davis: 200210023 University of Arizona: 94-0248-01.

: Not applicable.

: DJG has received consulting fees or served as a paid member of scientific advisory boards for ResMed Corporation, VIVUS, Inc., and T. Leland Seeger & Associates, Inc.JME has received consulting fees from Bose Corporation and Invenergy Renewables.MTB has received funding from the Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, the Milton Family Foundation, the MGH-MIT Grand Challenge, the American Sleep Medicine Foundation, and the Department of Neurology. He has a patent pending on a home sleep-monitoring device, has research agreements with MC10 and Insomnisolv, consulting agreements with McKesson, International Flavors and Fragrances, and Apple, Inc., serves as a medical monitor for Pfizer, and has provided expert testimony in sleep medicine. None of these entities had any role in the study.CAC has received consulting fees from or served as a paid member of scientific advisory boards for Bose, Boston Red Sox, Columbia River Bar Pilots, Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Purdue Pharma, Samsung, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals. He owns an equity interest in Vanda Pharmaceuticals. He has served as an expert witness on various legal cases related to sleep and circadian rhythms and he has received research support from Optum, San Francisco Bar Pilots, Schneider, Sysco, Philips Respironics, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, and the State of Washington Board of Pilotage Commissioners. The Harvard Medical School Sleep and Health Education Program and Brigham Sleep Health (CAC) have received funding for educational activities from Cephalon, Jazz Pharma, ResMed, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Sepracor, Simmons, and Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies. CAC is the incumbent of an endowed professorship provided to Harvard University by Cephalon, and holds several process patents in the specialty of sleep and circadian rhythms (e.g., photic resetting of the human circadian pacemaker). CAC has received royalties from Houghton Miflin Harcourt, and from Koninklijke Philips Electronics/Philips Respironics for the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch Spectrum devices. CAC’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham Health and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict of interest policies.

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