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Article History

Received: 27 February 2020

Accepted: 11 May 2020

First Online: 1 July 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Written informed consent was obtained from the study participants or their representatives prior to enrollment. The studies were approved by the Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital Ethics Committee (039/2556); the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (MUTM2012-024-01); the University of Washington Institutional Review Board (42988); and the Oxford University Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OXTREC172-12).

: Not applicable

: WCL has the following patents: “Biomarkers for early determination of a critical or life threatening response to illness and monitoring response to treatment thereof” (Application CA2769433 A1 – August 27, 2013; WO20131270000 A1 – September 6, 2013), “Biomarkers for malaria” (Application: WO2012016333 A1 – February 9, 2012), “Angiopoietin-1 and -2 biomarkers for infectious diseases that compromise endothelial integrity” (Application: WO2009059404 A1 – May 14, 2009; US20110008804 A1 – January 13, 2011), “Biomarkers for early determination of a critical or life threatening response to illness and/or treatment response” (Application: US14/916,758 – March 4, 2016), and “Biomarkers to identify and predict severe toxicity after adoptive T cell therapy” (Application: US62/456,798 – February 9, 2017). All other authors declared that they have no competing interests. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.