Funding for this research was provided by:
Health and Medical Research Fund (16172921)
Article History
Received: 31 January 2022
Accepted: 12 July 2022
First Online: 1 September 2022
Declarations
:
: This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under application number 42468 and other large studies and consortia providing publicly available summary statistics. The UK Biobank has already received the ethical approval from North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC) which covers the UK. It also got the approval from the Patient Information Advisory Group (PIAG) in England and Wales and from the Community Health Index Advisory Group (CHIAG) in Scotland. The study conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. The analysis of other publicly available summary statistics does not require additional ethical approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.