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Article History

Received: 1 April 2022

Accepted: 17 July 2022

First Online: 8 September 2022

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval from the Oxford University Tropical Research Ethics Committee, the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Ethical Review Committee, and the local CDC of each study area were obtained, and all participants provided written informed consent. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Ethical approval references:<i>UK</i>Kadoorie Study of Chronic disease in China (KSCDC)—Baseline, Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC) (2005) OxTREC Ref: 025–04.China Kadoorie Biobank (A prospective study of environmental and genetic causes of premature death in 500,000 Chinese adults) – Second resurvey (2013) OXTREC Reference: 1024–13.Objective measurement of physical activity in urban and rural Chinese: A feasibility study (2017) OxTREC Reference: 514–17.Assessing health risks associated with exposure to household and ambient air pollution in rural and urban China. (2017) OxTREC Reference: 5109–17.China Kadoorie Biobank – Third resurvey (2019) OxTREC Ref: 18–19.<i>China</i>Kadoorie Study of Chronic disease in China (KSCDC) – Baseline, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Ethical Review Committee (2004) Approval Notice 005/2004.Kadoorie Study of Chronic disease in China (KSCDC) – Second Phase, Chinese Academy of Medical sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Ethical Committee (2010) 24^th December 2010.Kadoorie Study of Chronic disease in China (KSCDC) – Second Resurvey, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Ethical Committee (2013) Ref: X1303262001.<i>Members of the China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group:</i>International Steering Committee: Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen (PI), Robert Clarke, Rory Collins, Yu Guo, Liming Li (PI), Chen Wang, Jun Lv, Richard Peto, Robin Walters.International Co-ordinating Centre, Oxford: Daniel Avery, Ruth Boxall, Derrick Bennett, Ka Hung Chan, Yumei Chang, Yiping Chen, Zhengming Chen, Robert Clarke, Huaidong Du, Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter, Wei Gan, Simon Gilbert, Alex Hacker, Parisa Hariri, Mike Hill, Michael Holmes, Pek Kei Im, Andri Iona, Maria Kakkoura, Christiana Kartsonaki, Rene Kerosi, Kuang Lin, Iona Millwood, Qunhua Nie, Alfred Pozarickij, Paul Ryder, Sam Sansome, Dan Schmidt, Paul Sherliker, Rajani Sohoni, Becky Stevens, Iain Turnbull, Robin Walters, Lin Wang, Neil Wright, Ling Yang, Xiaoming Yang, Pang Yao.National Co-ordinating Centre, Beijing: Yu Guo, Xiao Han, Can Hou, Chun Li, Chao Liu, Jun Lv, Pei Pei, Canqing Yu.10 Regional Co-ordinating Centres:Guangxi Provincial CDC: Naying Chen, Duo Liu, Zhenzhu Tang. Liuzhou CDC: Ningyu Chen, Qilian Jiang, Jian Lan, Mingqiang Li, Yun Liu, Fanwen Meng, Jinhuai Meng, Rong Pan, Yulu Qin, Ping Wang, Sisi Wang, Liuping Wei, Liyuan Zhou. Gansu Provincial CDC: Caixia Dong, Pengfei Ge, Xiaolan Ren. Maiji CDC: Zhongxiao Li, Enke Mao, Tao Wang, Hui Zhang, Xi Zhang. HainanProvincial CDC: Jinyan Chen, Ximin Hu, Xiaohuan Wang. Meilan CDC: Zhendong Guo, Huimei Li, Yilei Li, Min Weng, Shukuan Wu. Heilongjiang Provincial CDC: Shichun Yan, Mingyuan Zou, Xue Zhou. Nangang CDC: Ziyan Guo, Quan Kang, Yanjie Li, Bo Yu, Qinai Xu. Henan Provincial CDC: Liang Chang, Lei Fan, Shixian Feng, Ding Zhang, Gang Zhou. Huixian CDC: Yulian Gao, Tianyou He, Pan He, Chen Hu, Huarong Sun, Xukui Zhang. Hunan Provincial CDC: Biyun Chen, Zhongxi Fu, Yuelong Huang, Huilin Liu, Qiaohua Xu, Li Yin. Liuyang CDC: Huajun Long, Xin Xu, Hao Zhang, Libo Zhang. Jiangsu Provincial CDC: Jian Su, Ran Tao, Ming Wu, Jie Yang, Jinyi Zhou, Yonglin Zhou. Suzhou CDC: Yihe Hu, Yujie Hua, Jianrong Jin Fang Liu, Jingchao Liu, Yan Lu, Liangcai Ma, Aiyu Tang, Jun Zhang. Qingdao Qingdao CDC: Liang Cheng, Ranran Du, Ruqin Gao, Feifei Li, Shanpeng Li,Yongmei Liu, Feng Ning, Zengchang Pang, Xiaohui Sun, Xiaocao Tian, Shaojie Wang, Yaoming Zhai, Hua Zhang, Licang CDC: Wei Hou, Silu Lv, Junzheng Wang. Sichuan Provincial CDC: Xiaofang Chen, Xianping Wu, Ningmei Zhang, Weiwei Zhou. Pengzhou CDC: Xiaofang Chen, Jianguo Li, Jiaqiu Liu, Guojin Luo, Qiang Sun, Xunfu Zhong. Zhejiang Provincial CDC: Weiwei Gong, Ruying Hu, Hao Wang, Meng Wan, Min Yu. Tongxiang CDC: Lingli Chen, Qijun Gu, Dongxia Pan, Chunmei Wang, Kaixu Xie, Xiaoyi Zhang.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.