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Article History

Received: 24 February 2023

Accepted: 3 July 2023

First Online: 10 July 2023

Declarations

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: All studies were conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Patient samples were retrieved from the INFECT patient cohort consisting of patients with NSTI (INFECT study; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01790698). The patient biopsies were obtained at surgical interventions and GAS infections were primarily identified by routine diagnostics. Patient enrolment and sample analyses were approved by the regional Ethical Review Board at the National Committee on Health Research Ethics in Copenhagen (Ref. No. 1211709), the regional ethics committee in Gothenburg (Ref. No. 930-12), the regional ethics committee Vest, Norway (REK, Ref. No. 325786), and the regional Ethics Committee in Stockholm (Ref. No. 2012/2110-31/2). Blood samples from healthy volunteers or buffy coats of blood provided by the blood bank at the University Medicine Greifswald were used. The buffy coats were provided anonymously. In case of healthy volunteers, donors were individuals well acquainted with the research conducted and written informed consent was obtained. The ethical research committee at the University Medicine Greifswald approved the study (Ref. No. BB 014/14 and Ref. No BB 006/18). All experiments were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines.

: Not applicable.