Fruchart, Jean-Charles
Santos, Raul D.
Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos
Aikawa, Masanori
Al Rasadi, Khalid
Amarenco, Pierre
Barter, Philip J.
Ceska, Richard
Corsini, Alberto
Després, Jean-Pierre
Duriez, Patrick
Eckel, Robert H.
Ezhov, Marat V.
Farnier, Michel
Ginsberg, Henry N.
Hermans, Michel P.
Ishibashi, Shun
Karpe, Fredrik
Kodama, Tatsuhiko
Koenig, Wolfgang
Krempf, Michel
Lim, Soo
Lorenzatti, Alberto J.
McPherson, Ruth
Nuñez-Cortes, Jesus Millan
Nordestgaard, Børge G.
Ogawa, Hisao
Packard, Chris J.
Plutzky, Jorge
Ponte-Negretti, Carlos I.
Pradhan, Aruna
Ray, Kausik K.
Reiner, Željko
Ridker, Paul M.
Ruscica, Massimiliano
Sadikot, Shaukat
Shimano, Hitoshi
Sritara, Piyamitr
Stock, Jane K.
Su, Ta-Chen
Susekov, Andrey V.
Tartar, André
Taskinen, Marja-Riitta
Tenenbaum, Alexander
Tokgözoğlu, Lale S.
Tomlinson, Brian
Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Valensi, Paul
Vrablík, Michal
Wahli, Walter
Watts, Gerald F.
Yamashita, Shizuya
Yokote, Koutaro
Zambon, Alberto
Libby, Peter
Article History
Received: 24 April 2019
Accepted: 29 April 2019
First Online: 4 June 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The following authors report disclosures outside the submitted work. These relate to grants and personal fees (honoraria for consultancy, lectures and/or advisory bureaux). J-C Fruchart reports personal fees from Kowa Company. RD Santos reports personal fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Merck, Akcea, Sanofi/Regeneron, Biolab, Esperion, Kowa, and Novo-Nordisk. M Aikawa reports grants from Kowa Company, Ltd., Pfizer, Inc., and Sanofi, Inc. P Amarenco reports personal fees from Kowa, grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boston Scientific and AstraZeneca, grants from Merck, and personal fees from Amgen, GSK, Fibrogen and Shin Poong. PJ Barter reports personal fees from Amgen, Sanofi, and Pfizer. A Corsini reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Sanofi, Recordati, Novartis, MSD, Mediolanum, DOC, Mylan and Pfizer. RH Eckel reports grants from NINDS, NIA, NHLBI, Ionis Pharmaceutical, Uniqure Biopharma, CTSA Pilot Project, Endece, LLC, personal fees from Cardiometabolic Health Congress, Prime, Medtelligence, Medscape, Medical Education Resources, Vox Media, Sanofi/Regeneron, Merck, Novo Nordisk, and Kowa. M Farnier reports grants, consulting fees and/or honoraria for delivering lectures for Abbott, Akcea/Ionis, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Merck and Co, Mylan, Pfizer, Sanofi/Regeneron and Servier. HN Ginsberg reports and consults for Kowa, a pharmaceutical company that has a SPPARMalpha in clinical trials for the treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. MP Hermans reports personal fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, MSD, Mylan, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva, and Tilman. S Ishibashi reports personal fees from Kowa, grants from Astellas Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Ono Pnharma, Shionogi, and Teijin Pharma. T Kodama is the recipient of a research grant from Kowa Company. W Koenig reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, The Medicines Company, GSK, DalCor, Sanofi, Berlin-Chemie, Kowa, Amgen, grants and non-financial support from Roche Diagnostics, Beckmann, Singulex, and Abbott. M Krempf reports personal fees from Amgen, Sanofi Regeneron, MSD, Novartis, Abbott, Servier, AstraZeneca and grants from Pfizer. P Libby reports a research grant from Novartis and honoraria as a scientific advisory board member for Dalcor Pharmaceuticals. He also provides unpaid consultancy for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, XBiotech Inc., Corvidia Therapeutics, IFM Therapeutics, Olatec Therapeutics, Medimmune and Esperion Therapeutics. AJ Lorenzatti reports grants and personal fees from Amgen, Kowa, personal fees from Sanofi, Pfizer, and grants from Resverlogix. BG Nordestgaard reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Regeneron, Ionis, Akcea, Amgen, Kowa, Denka Seiken, Amarin and Kowa. CJ Packard reports grants from MSD, and personal fees from Sanofi/Regeneron, Amgen, and Daiichi-Sankyo. A Pradhan reports grants from Kowa Research Institute. KK Ray reports grants from Sanofi, Regeneron, Pfizer, Amgen, MSD, and honoraria for lectures/speaker’s bureau or consultancy from Sanofi, Amgen, Regeneron, Lilly, Medicines Company, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Kowa, Algorithm, IONIS, Esperion, Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Boehringer Ingelheim, Resverlogix, and Abbvie. Z Reiner reports personal fees from Sanofi Aventis and Akcea. PM Ridker reports grants from Kowa, Inc, Novartis, and Pfizer. H Shimano reports grants and personal fees from Kowa Company Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., MSD K.K., DAIICHI SANKYO Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Nippon Boehringer lngelheim Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Sanofi K.K., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Novartis Pharma K.K., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., and Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. A Susekov reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Sanofi, KRKA, Teva and Kowa. MR Taskinen reports grants and personal fees from Amgen, NovoNordisk, and personal fees from Sanofi and Akcea. LS Tokgözoğlu reports personal fees from Abbott, Merck, Amgen, Astra, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Actelion, Servier, Sanofi, Menarini, Mylan, Recordati and Novonordisk. B Tomlinson reports grants from Amgen, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Roche, and personal fees from Amgen, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Merck Serono and Sanofi. P Valensi reports personal fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Merck-Sharp Dohme, Novo-Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis. M Vrablík reports personal fees from Abbott, Actavis, AstraZeneca, Amgen, BMS, Genzyme, KRKA, MSD Idea, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi-Regeneron. GF Watts reports support from Kowa for a lecture in Japan; honoraria (for advisory boards and lectures) and research grants from Amgen, Sanofi, and Regeneron; and honoraria (for advisory board) from Gemphire. S Yamashita reports grants and personal fees from Kowa Company, Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., MSD K.K., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Daiichi-Sankyo Company, Ltd., Astra Zeneka K.K., Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Teijin Pharma Limited and Kissei; and personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Skylight Biotec, Inc., Pfizer, Astellas Amgen, Sanofi, and Aegerion In addition, S Yamashita has a patent PCT/JP2016/074402 (Assisting Method for the Diagnosis of Type III Hyperlipidemia) pending to Fujirebio & Osaka University, a patent PCT/JP2017/038766 (Method for Selecting Subject Needing Treatment for Dyslipidemia and Reagent for Such Selection) pending to Osaka University & Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd., and a patent PCT/JP2017/038715 (Method for Measuring Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein) pending to Osaka University & Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd.. A Zambon reports honoraria for lectures from Abbott, Amgen, Sanofi and Mylan. K Yokote reports grants and personal fees from Kowa Pharmaceutical Co, Astellas, AstraZeneca, MSD, Sanofi, Takeda, Pfizer, Mochida, and personal fees from Kowa Company, Astellas-Amgen Biopharm, and Bayer. C Aguilar-Salinas, K Al Rasadi, R Ceska, JP Després, P Duriez, MV Ezhov, F Karpe, S Lim, R McPherson, J Millan Nuñez-Cortes, H Ogawa, CI Ponte-Negretti, J Plutzky, M Ruscica, S Sadikot, P Sritara, JK Stock, T-C Su, A Tartar, A Tenenbaum, A Tybjærg-Hansen, W Wahli have no competing interests in relation to this manuscript.