Adamu, Auwal
Jada, Mahmoud Suleiman
Haruna, Hauwa Mohammed Sani
Yakubu, Bassa Obed
Ibrahim, Mohammed Auwal
Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare
Sakura, Takaya
Inaoka, Daniel Ken
Kita, Kiyoshi
Hirayama, Kenji
Culleton, Richard
Shuaibu, Mohammed Nasir
Article History
Received: 22 July 2020
Accepted: 18 November 2020
First Online: 30 November 2020
Ethics and consent to participate
: The consent of patients or their guardians attending public health facilities was sought following explanation of the voluntary nature of participation. Prior to sample collection, ethical clearance was granted from the Ministries of Health of Kano, Adamawa, Yobe and Kaduna with references MOH/Off/797/T.1/285, S/MOH/1131/V.1, MOH/GEN/704/VOL.1 and MOH/ADM/744/VOL.1/537 respectively. The study was conducted in accordance with the 2016 international ethical guidelines for health-related research involving human subjects developed by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization.
: Authors received the consent of patients or their guardians to use data for publication.
: The authors of this study have no competing interest to declare.