Zhou, Guofa
Githure, John
Lee, Ming-Chieh
Zhong, Daibin
Wang, Xiaoming
Atieli, Harrysone
Githeko, Andrew K.
Kazura, James
Yan, Guiyun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (R01 A1050243, D43 TW001505, U19 AI129326)
Article History
Received: 24 October 2023
Accepted: 5 March 2024
First Online: 12 March 2024
Declarations
:
: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Maseno University, Kenya (MSU/DRPI/MUERC/00778/19) and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of California, Irvine, USA (HS# 2017-3512). Volunteers were enrolled from primary schools in the study sites through school administrators with the permission of the division office of the Ministry of Health. Written assent for children (< 18 years of age) was obtained by the participants and their parents or guardians. For parasitological surveillance, written consent and assent for households was obtained from the head of the household and each individual who was willing to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria included providing informed consent and having no reported chronic or acute illness except malaria. Individuals who were unwilling to participate and infants under the age of 6 months were excluded from the study. According to the standard malaria treatment guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Kenya, asymptomatic infections were not treated with antimalarials while symptomatic volunteers were referred to the local government hospital or clinic for diagnosis and treatment free of charge. For entomological surveillance, oral consent was obtained from the head of the household for each participating household. In all surveillance activities, personal identifiers were not included in the data.
: All authors: No reported competing interests.