Racette, Brad A.
Nelson, Gill
Dlamini, Wendy W.
Prathibha, Pradeep
Turner, Jay R.
Ushe, Mwiza
Checkoway, Harvey
Sheppard, Lianne
Nielsen, Susan Searles
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES025991)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES025991-02S1)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (K24ES017765)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (K01ES028295)
Article History
Received: 17 December 2020
Accepted: 3 March 2021
First Online: 15 March 2021
Declarations
:
: The Washington University School of Medicine Human Research Protection Office (St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.) and the University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee (Johannesburg, Gauteng province, South Africa) approved this study (IRB ID #201506129).All participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: B.A. Racette receives research support from the following government and non-governmental organizations: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES026891, R01ES026891-S1, R01ES025991, R01ES025991-02S1, R01ES030937-S1, R01ES029524), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (R01OH011661), Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, Department of Defense (PD190057), Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders (Washington University). Dr. Racette has received honoraria (personal compensation) for lectures from the University of Michigan and Harvard University. He has received personal compensation for peer review from the Parkinson Study Group, service on the National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council for NIEHS, and legal testimony on behalf of the Johnson and Bell law firm.G. Nelson receives research support from the following government organization: NIEHS (R01ES026891, R01ES026891-S1, R01ES025991, R01ES025991-02S1). She also receives personal compensation from journal “Occupational Health Southern Africa” for which she serves as editor.W. W. Dlamini declares no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.P. Prathibha declares no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.J.R. Turner receives research support from the following government and non-governmental organizations: NIH (R01ES025991, R01ES029846, R01HD098255, P42ES023716), UNICEF (GLA/2880/2019/002-PCA), and FHWA/DOT (DTFH6117C00036). Dr. Turner has received personal compensation for service on the Science Advisory Board for EPA.M. Ushe receives research support from the following government organizations: NIEHS (R01ES025991) and NINDS (R01NS109487).H. Checkoway receives research support from the NIOSH (R01OH011661) and NIEHS (R01ES025991). In 2020, he also received an honorarium for serving as a member of the Scientific Review Panel for University of Cincinnati Risk Science Center Assessment of the Carcinogenic Effects of Ethylene Oxide.L. Sheppard receives research support from the following governmental and non-governmental organizations: NIEHS and NIA (R01ES026187), NIEHS (R25ES025503, R01ES026891, R01ES027696, R01ES026246, R01ES029509, R01ES029524), NIA (P01AG055367), Health Effects Institute. She has received personal compensation for service to the Environmental Protection Agency and the Health Effects Institute, and for peer review for The Lancet Planetary Health. She received small tokens of appreciation in lieu of travel to the Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research in Australia.S. Searles Nielsen receives research support from the following governmental and non-governmental organizations: R01ES026891-03, K01ES028295-03, R01ES025991-05, R01ES025991-02S1, R01ES029524-02, Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, Department of Defense (PD190057).Statistical Analysis conducted by Susan Searles Nielsen and Wendy W. Dlamini at Washington University School of Medicine and Lianne Sheppard at the University of Washington.