Funding for this research was provided by:
National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science (20CTY017)
Article History
Received: 9 August 2021
Accepted: 11 April 2022
First Online: 7 May 2022
Declarations
:
: The data applied in this study are publicly available and unrestricted reuse is permitted via an open license. Additional ethical approval and informed consent are not required, as this study uses publicly available data sources, and the authors have no contact with human-related materials. Besides, the CHARLS research team obtained ethics approval (license numbers IRB00001052-11015, IRB00001052-14030 and IRB00001052-17053) from the institutional review board of the Peking University National School of Development. All respondents provided written informed consent. If the respondent was illiterate, he/she provided a fingerprint after the interviewer dictated the content of the informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.