Article History
Received: 14 December 2018
Accepted: 24 December 2019
First Online: 22 January 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
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: The authors declare that co-author H. Nishiura is the Editor-in-Chief of Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling policies on sharing data and materials.