Atchison, Christina J.
Cresswell, Jenny A.
Kapiga, Saidi
Nsanya, Mussa Kelvin
Crawford, Emily E.
Mussa, Mohammed
Bottomley, Christian
Hargreaves, James R.
Doyle, Aoife M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1134172)
Article History
Received: 20 August 2018
Accepted: 7 January 2019
First Online: 21 January 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (Ref: NHREC/01/01/2007-25/05/2017), National Health Research Ethics Review sub-Committee of Tanzania (Ref: NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol. IX/2549), Oromia Health Bureau Research Ethical Review Committee (Ref: BEFOIHBTFH/1-8/2844), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee (Ref: 14145).Informed consent: Obtained from all study participants. Written informed consent obtained from all participants in Tanzania. In Nigeria and Ethiopia, only verbal consent obtained as a waiver of written consent was granted. Married adolescent women under 18 years of age are considered emancipated in all three countries and did not require parental consent in addition to their own voluntary consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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