Funding for this research was provided by:
Commonwealth Fund (n/a)
B. Braun-Stiftung (n/a)
Article History
Received: 30 April 2020
Accepted: 7 September 2020
First Online: 21 September 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: The study was considered as having minimal risk at ethical review (Institutional Review Board of Dartmouth College): participants were given written information and oral consent obtained before interviews were conducted.
: Not applicable.
: Isabelle Scholl conducted one physician training in shared decision-making for which she received travel compensation from Mundipharma GmBH in 2015. Sarah Kobrin has no competing interests to declare and is an employee of the US government. Glyn Elwyn has edited and published books that provide royalties on sales by the publishers: the books include Shared Decision Making (Oxford University Press) and Groups (Radcliffe Press). He has in the past provided consultancy for organizations, including (1) Emmi Solutions LLC who developed patient decision support tools, (2) National Quality Forum on the certification of decision support tools, (3) Washington State Health Department on the certification of decision support tools, and (4) SciMentum LLC, Amsterdam (workshops for shared decision making). He is the Founder and Director of &think LLC which owns the registered trademark for Option Grids TM patient decision aids. Founder and Director of SHARPNETWORK LLC, a provider of training for shared decision making. He provides advice in the domain of shared decision making and patient decision aids to (1) Access Community Health Network, Chicago (Federally Qualified Medical Centers); (2) EBSCO Health Option Grids TM patient decision aids; (3) Bind Insurance, (4) PatientWisdom Inc.; and (5) abridge AI Inc. Glyn Elwyn’s academic interests are focused on shared decision making and coproduction. He owns copyright in measures of shared decision making and care integration, namely collaboRATE, integRATE, consideRATE, coopeRATE, toleRATE, Observer OPTION-5, and Observer OPTION-12.