Article History
Received: 20 April 2020
Accepted: 13 May 2020
First Online: 3 June 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study was based on a secondary analysis of previously collected data from the NCDB. The data is de-identified and holds no identifying patient information, and therefore, written informed consent was not needed for this study. The institutional review board (IRB) was also not required for the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.