Braun, Ueli http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2573-687X
Gerspach, Christian
Volz, Claudia
Hilbe, Monika
Nuss, Karl
Article History
Received: 13 November 2023
Accepted: 25 March 2024
First Online: 15 April 2024
Declarations
:
: The study was not submitted to our institutional ethics committee because it was a retrospective study using medical records of cows that had been referred to our clinic for examination and treatment. No experimental animals were used. Under these circumstances, ethical approval is not required in Switzerland.
: All owners signed a consent form allowing us to use the animals and all the associated medical data for scientific analysis and publication.
: The authors declare they have no competing interests.
: UB initiated, planned and supervised the study and prepared the manuscript together with KN. KN and CG made contributions to the acquisition and interpretation of data and were involved in drafting the manuscript. Surgical treatment was performed by KN and his assistants. MHi was responsible for the postmortem examinations. CV analysed the medical histories of the cows as part of her dissertation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.