Miyakawa, Ryoya
Kobayashi, Makoto
Sugimoto, Kotaro
Endo, Yuta
Kojima, Manabu
Kobayashi, Yasuyuki
Furukawa, Shigenori
Honda, Tsuyoshi
Watanabe, Takafumi
Asano, Shigeyuki
Soeda, Shu
Hashimoto, Yuko
Fujimori, Keiya
Chiba, Hideki
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K15386)
Seiichi Imai Memorial Foundation
Intelligent Cosmos Academic Foundation
Article History
Received: 27 March 2023
Accepted: 4 May 2023
First Online: 13 May 2023
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fukushima Medical University (Fukushima, Japan; approval code, 2019 − 311; approval date, Mar 16, 2021; and approval code, 2021-057; approval date, June 16, 2021). The research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards. This study was carried out by an opt-out method. Since it was conducted as a retrospective study using cases with a follow-up period of more than five years, the patients had already died or stopped visiting the hospital. The experimental protocol has been disclosed on the website, and the patients or their representatives were able to decline to participate in the survey if they wanted.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.