Kangasniemi, Heidi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-5269
Setälä, Piritta
Huhtala, Heini
Kämäräinen, Antti
Virkkunen, Ilkka
Tirkkonen, Joonas
Yli-Hankala, Arvi
Hoppu, Sanna
Funding for this research was provided by:
FinnHEMS Research and development unit (Scientific grant)
Article History
Received: 28 June 2019
Accepted: 26 August 2019
First Online: 2 October 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This was an observational study among Finnish HEMS physicians, and no clinical interventions were performed. The Ethics Committee of the Tampere University Hospital approved the study protocol (Approval no: R15048). The study was accepted by all five Finnish university hospitals, the National Institute for Health and Welfare, and FinnHEMS Ltd. Due to the design of the study, the need for written informed consent was waived. Participation was voluntary, and returning a filled questionnaire was considered as consent to participate the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.