Hayakawa, Mineji
Maekawa, Kunihiko
Kushimoto, Shigeki
Kato, Hiroshi
Sasaki, Junichi
Ogura, Hiroshi
Matsuoka, Tetsuya
Uejima, Toshifumi
Morimura, Naoto
Ishikura, Hiroyasu
Hagiwara, Akiyoshi
Takeda, Munekazu
Kaneko, Naoyuki
Saitoh, Daizoh
Kudo, Daisuke
Kanemura, Takashi
Shibusawa, Takayuki
Furugori, Shintaro
Nakamura, Yoshihiko
Shiraishi, Atsushi
Murata, Kiyoshi
Mayama, Gou
Yaguchi, Arino
Kim, Shiei
Takasu, Osamu
Nishiyama, Kazutaka
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25462810, 24592731)
Article History
Received: 23 January 2017
Accepted: 7 August 2017
First Online: 23 August 2017
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This retrospective study was conducted at 15 tertiary emergency and critical care centres in Japan and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of each hospital (Additional fileInternalRef removed: Table S1). No patient consent was needed because of the retrospective study design.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.