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Article History

Received: 26 August 2021

Accepted: 27 November 2021

First Online: 14 December 2021

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Jean-Charles Preiser: speaker’s and consultant’s fee form Baxter, DIM-3, Fresenius, Nestlé HealthScience, Nutricia/Danone, VIPUN. Yaseen M. Arabi: Principal investigator on an investigator-initiated RCT for protein intake in critically ill patients (NCT04475666). Mette M. Berger: speaker fees from Abbott, Baxter, BBraun, DSM, Fresenius Kabi, Nestlé HealthScience, Nutricia/Danone. Michael Casaer: supported by the Research Foundation—Flanders, Belgium (Fundamental Clinical Research fellowship 1700111N;) and a KULeuven C2 Research Project Grant (C24/17/070) and received a speaker fee from Fresenius (°2020) and a consultant fee from Baxter (°2021). Stephen McClave,: none declared. Juan Carlos Montejo: speaker’ and consultant’s fees and research grants from Abbott, Baxter, Fresenius-Kabi, GE Healthcare, Nestlé HealthScience. Sandra Peake: none declared. Annika Reintam Blaser received speaker or consultancy fees from Fresenius Kabi, Nestlé and VIPUN Medical. University of Tartu received a study grant from Fresenius Kabi. ARB is one of the authors of ESICM guidelines on early enteral nutrition; ESPEN guidelines on clinical nutrition in the intensive care nutrition and BMJ rapid recommendations on the prophylaxis of gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill. Greet Van den Berghe: funded by the Methusalem program of the Flemish Government (METH/08/07 which has been renewed as METH/14/06 via KU Leuven); the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grants (AdvG-2012-321670 from the Ideas Program of the EU FP7 and AdvG-2017-785809 from the Horizon 2020 Program of the EU) Greet Van den Berghe has no conflict of interest regarding this publication. Arthur van Zanten: speaker’ and consultant’s fees and research grants from Abbott, AOP Pharma, BBraun, Cardinal Health, Baxter, DIM-3, Fresenius-Kabi, GE Healthcare, Mermaid, Lyric, Nestlé HealthScience, Nutricia/Danone, Rousselot. Jan Wernerman: speaker’s fees from GE Healthcare, Nestlé and Nutricia Danone, no conflict of intrest regarding this publication. Paul Wischmeyer: Dr. Wischmeyer reports receiving investigator-initiated grant funding related to this work from National Institutes of Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Abbott, Baxter, and Fresenius. Dr. Wischmeyer has served as a consultant to Abbott, Fresenius, Baxter, Takeda, Gravitas, and Nutricia. Dr. Wischmeyer has received unrestricted gift donation for nutrition research from Musclesound and DSM. Dr. Wischmeyer has received honoraria or travel expenses for CME lectures on improving nutrition care from Abbott, Baxter, Danone-Nutricia and Nestle.