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Article History

Received: 30 March 2023

Accepted: 11 May 2023

First Online: 25 May 2023

Declarations

:

: This study is approved by Mount Kenya University Independent Ethics and Research Committee (MKU-IERC) (approval number: 940) and the Ethics Committee at Osaka City University (approval number: 2021–036).Written informed consent will be sought from the study participants before installing ceiling nets, each cross-sectional survey, and the start of prospective cohort surveys. Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time and the option to withhold previously collected samples from any future analyses and studies.The samples collected in this study may potentially be used for other research purposes. This is clearly stated in the informed consent form. In such cases, we will obtain the necessary ethical approval and allow participants to opt out of this. All experiments will be carried out in adherence to WHO requirements and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable—no identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented here or will be presented in reports of the trial results. The participant information materials and informed consent form are available from the corresponding author on request.

: This study was partially supported by a research grant from Sumitomo Chemical Corporation.