Olds, Cassandra L.
Mason, Kathleen L.
Scoles, Glen A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1078791)
USAID (AID-BFS-P-13-00002)
USDA, ARS, CRIS project (5348-32000-034-00D)
Article History
Received: 27 July 2017
Accepted: 19 February 2018
First Online: 2 March 2018
Ethics approval
: All experiments using animals were approved by the University of Idaho’s Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (IACUC) protocol number 2013–66. Protocols adhered to guidelines set out by the Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations As of Nov. 6, 2013, As found in the United States Code, Title 7 - Agriculture, Chapter 54 - Transportation, Sale, and Handling of Certain Animals, Sections 2131–2159; the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching as well as the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. All animals were monitored by a registered veterinarian for symptoms of infection and general discomfort and treated accordingly. Cattle were euthanized by approved intravenous injection with sodium pentobarbital solution (Fatal Plus, Vortech Pharmaceuticals, USA).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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