Xie, Hongbing
Li, Zhidan
Zheng, Guangmei
Yang, Chunyan
Liu, Xianbing
Xu, Xiaoyan
Ren, Yushan
Wang, Chao
Hu, Xuemei
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 81871680)
Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong province (NO. ts201712066)
Article History
Received: 9 July 2022
Accepted: 16 September 2022
First Online: 27 October 2022
Declarations
:
: The sample collection procedure for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Binzhou Medical University (approval no. 2017-016-01). The pregnant women who were enrolled in this study signed informed consent forms and underwent voluntary abortions. These participants were diagnosed with normal early gestation without any complications or any ongoing medication by a professional obstetrician and gynecologist; the participants did not have an ongoing infection with <i>T. gondii</i> and had never been previously infected with the parasite. The animal experiments were conducted according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Binzhou Medical University (permit no. 2017-009-09). All the animal experiments were performed on animals under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia to minimize their suffering.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.