Linnenkamp, Ute
Gontscharuk, Veronika
Ogurtsova, Katherine
Brüne, Manuela
Chernyak, Nadezda
Kvitkina, Tatjana
Arend, Werner
Schmitz-Losem, Imke
Kruse, Johannes
Hermanns, Norbert
Kulzer, Bernd
Evers, Silvia M. A. A.
Hiligsmann, Mickaël
Hoffmann, Barbara
Icks, Andrea
Andrich, Silke
Funding for this research was provided by:
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01GY1133)
Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ)
Article History
Received: 7 December 2022
Accepted: 11 March 2023
First Online: 22 March 2023
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf and is available under the study reference 3762.
: We have adhered to best practice guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).
: Different instruments to screen for depression do not identify the same persons, however no systematic differences exist between the different groups of persons.