Retraction Retraction dated 2020-04-02

Article History

Received: 15 October 2015

Accepted: 11 January 2016

First Online: 1 February 2016

Change Date: 2 April 2020

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1] because it significantly overlaps with an article by different authors [2] that was simultaneously under consideration at a different journal. The article also shows evidence of authorship manipulation and peer review manipulation. In addition, the identity of the third author could not be verified: the University of Mosul has confirmed that Ahmed Zama has not been affiliated with their institution. The authors have not responded to any correspondence regarding this retraction.