Funding for this research was provided by:
National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science (20CTY017)
Article History
Received: 15 December 2021
Accepted: 28 June 2022
First Online: 19 July 2022
Declarations
:
: The ethical approval and informed consent are not required, as this study uses publicly available data source and authors have no contact to human related materials. More specifically, the data applied in this study are publicly available and unrestricted re-use is permitted via an open license. Besides, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) research team obtained ethics approval (license numbers: IRB00001052–11015, IRB00001052–14030, and IRB00001052–17053) from the institutional review board of the Peking University National School of Development. All respondents provided written informed consent. If the respondent was illiterate, he/she would press the fingerprint after the interviewer dictated the content of the informed consent.
: Consent for publication is not required since there are no personal identifying materials included in this manuscript.
: Authors of this study has no competing interest to declare.