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Article History

Received: 6 September 2019

Accepted: 5 November 2019

First Online: 16 December 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All patients participating in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network provided written informed consent and volunteered for the naturalistic follow-up study in which clinical state and medications were prospectively assessed. Ethical approval was granted by the local ethics committees at each of the seven participating academic sites: NIMH Bethesda, the University Hospitals of Los Angeles, Dallas, Cincinnati (all USA), Utrecht (The Netherlands), Freiburg and Munich (both Germany).

: All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript and gave their consent for publication.

: Mark A. Frye has received grant support from AssureRx, Mayo Foundation, Myriad, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Pfizer. He has served as a consultant (Mayo) to Janssen, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Myriad, Neuralstem Inc., Otsuka American Pharmaceutical, Sunovion, Teva Pharmaceuticals. His employer Mayo Clinic has a financial interest in AssureRX and the technology referenced in this publication/presentation.Heinz Grunze received grants/research support, consulting fees and honoraria within the last 3 years from Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer and Servier.Dr. Keck has been reimbursed for consulting to Otsuka and Lyndra. He is a co- inventor on United States Patent No. 6387956: Shapira NA, Goldsmith TD, Keck, PE Jr. (University of Cincinnati) Methods of treating obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorder comprises the step of administering an effective amount of tramadol to an individual. Filed March 25, 1999; approved May 14, 2002. Dr. Keck has received no financial gain from this patent.Ralph Kupka has received speakers honoraria over the past 3 years from Lundbeck, Janssen, and Sanofi.W.A. Nolen has received grants from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, the European Union; has received honoraria/speaker’s fees from Lundbeck and Aristo Pharma, and has served as consultant for Daleco Pharma.Susan McElroy is a consultant to or member of the scientific advisory boards of Bracket, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., MedAvante, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Myriad, Novo Nordisk, Shire, and Sunovion. She is a principal or co-investigator on studies sponsored by the Allergan, Brainsway, Marriott Foundation, Myriad, National Institute of Mental Health, Novo Nordisk, Shire, and Sunovion. She is also an inventor on United States Patent No. 6,323,236 B2, Use of Sulfamate Derivatives for Treating Impulse Control Disorders, and along with the patent’s assignee, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, has received payments from Johnson & Johnson, which has exclusive rights under the patent.Robert Post has received speaker’s honoraria over the past 3 years from AstraZeneca, Validus, Sunovion, Takeda, Pamlabs.Lars Schärer received grants/research support from WHO, BMZ, OCHA, WFP, UNICEF, European Commission, IBM, TigerLogic, Omnis.Trisha Suppes in the past 36 months has reported grants from National Institute of Mental Health, Sunovion Pharamaceuticals, Elan Pharma International Limited, VA Cooperative Studies Program, Pathway Genomics, Stanley Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Palo Alto Health Sciences, and National Institute on Drug Abuse; consulting fees from A/S H. Lundbeck, Sunovion, and Merck & Co; honoraria from Medscape Education, Global Medical Education, and CMEology; royalties from Jones and Bartlett and UpToDate; and travel reimbursement from A/S H. Lundbeck, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Global Medication Education, CMEology, and Merck & Co.Aditya Sharma has received research grants from the National Institute for Health Research (UK) and speaker honoraria from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.Sophie Hodgetts, Francis Bennett and Andrew Close declares no competing interests.