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Article History

Received: 28 March 2019

Accepted: 16 July 2019

First Online: 14 August 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study protocol, amendments, informed consent forms, and information sheets were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at each study site. All patients provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: Kohei Shitara has received consultation fees from Astellas Pharma, Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, and Ono Pharmaceutical; honoraria from Novartis, Abbvie, and Yakult Honsha; and research funding from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, and Ono Pharmaceutical.Taroh Satoh has received consultation fees from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Eli Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical, Takara Bio, and Merck Serono; honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Merck Serono, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Yakult Honsha, Eli Lilly, Bayer Yakuhin, Ono Pharmaceutical, Merck, and Astellas Pharma; and research funding from Yakult Honsha, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck, Merck Serono, Gilead Sciences, and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma.Satoru Iwasa has received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Lilly Japan and Chugai Pharma; and research funding from Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Japan, Eisai, Novartis, Merck Serono, Otsuka and Bayer.Kensei Yamaguchi has received consultation fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan and Daiichi Sankyo; speaker’s bureau funds from Chugai Pharma, Merck Serono, Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan, Takeda, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Lilly, Yakult Honsha, Ono Pharmaceutical and Sanofi; and research funding from MSD Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, Gilead Sciences and Yakult Honsha.Kei Muro has received honoraria from Chugai Pharma, Merck Serono, Takeda, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Lilly, Yakult Honsha, Ono Pharmaceutical and Bayer; and research funding from Ono Pharmaceutical, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Shionogi, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Gilead Sciences, Merck Serono, Pfizer and Sanofi.Yoshito Komatsu has received speaker’s bureau funds from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Lilly, Chugai Pharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Bayer, Ono Pharmaceutical, Yakult Honsha, Takeda, Sanofi, Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, TOWA and Nipro Corporation; honoraria from Novartis, Pfizer and Bayer; and research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Lilly, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Bayer, Chugai Pharma, Yakult, Takeda, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sysmex, Sanofi, Astellas Pharma and Eisai.Tomohiro Nishina has received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharma, Lilly, Merck Serono and Takeda; and research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharma, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Lilly Japan, Merck Serono, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, and Ono Pharmaceutical.Taito Esaki has received consultation fees from Chugai Pharma; speakers’ bureau funds from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan, Lilly, Eisai, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Serono, Chugai Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical and Takeda; honoraria from Lilly and Kyowa Hakko Kirin; and research funding from Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Serono, Taiho Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novartis, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and Ono Pharmaceutical.Jun Hasegawa, Yasuyuki Kakurai, Emi Kamiyama, Tomoko Nakata, Kota Nakamura and Hayato Sakaki are employees of Daiichi Sankyo.Ichinosuke Hyodo has received honoraria from Chugai Pharma, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical and Bristol-Myers Squibb; and research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan, Chugai Pharma, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Takeda, Merck Serono, Yakult Honsha, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo and Ono Pharmaceutical.