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Article History

Received: 15 September 2022

Accepted: 13 October 2022

First Online: 8 November 2022

Declarations

:

: The ethics committee of the Medical University of Vienna approved the study (EK 2323–2019), and the patient gave her written consent to publication of this case.

: Simon Hametner has participated in meetings sponsored by or received speaker honoraria from Biogen and Sanofi-Genzyme. He has received an unrestricted research grant from Merck. Sara Silvaieh: has nothing to disclose. Majda Thurnher: has nothing to disclose. Assunta Dal-Bianco: ADB’s position as junior group leader for Translational Morphology in Neuroscience is supported by a research grant from Biogen. She has participated in meetings sponsored by, received speaker honoraria or travel funding from Biogen, Celgene (BMS), Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi; and has received an unrestricted grant from Merck GmbH, an affiliate of Merck KGaA. Hakan Cetin: has nothing to disclose. Markus Ponleitner: has participated in meetings sponsored by, received speaker or consulting honoraria or travel funding from Amicus, Merck, Novartis and Sanofi-Genzyme. Karin Zebenholzer: has nothing to disclose. Berthold Pemp: has received honoraria for consulting Chiesi and GenSight, and received honoraria for speaking from Chiesi and Santen. Siegfried Trattnig: has nothing to disclose. Karl Rössler: has nothing to disclose. Thomas Berger: has participated in meetings sponsored by and received honoraria (lectures, advisory boards, consultations) from pharmaceutical companies marketing treatments for MS: Allergan, Bayer, Biogen, Biologix, Bionorica, BMS/Celgene, Eisai, Genesis, GSK, GW/Jazz, Horizon, Janssen-Cilag, MedDay, Merck, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva and UCB. His institution has received financial support in the past 12 months by unrestricted research grants (Biogen, Bayer, BMS/Celgene, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva and for participation in clinical trials in multiple sclerosis sponsored by Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva. Hans Lassmann: has nothing to disclose. Johannes A. Hainfellner: has nothing to disclose. Gabriel Bsteh: has participated in meetings sponsored by, received speaker honoraria or travel funding from Biogen, Celgene/BMS, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva, and received honoraria for consulting Biogen, Celgene/BMS, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva. He has received unrestricted research grants from Celgene/BMS and Novartis.