Ribeli, Jacqueline
Pfister, Franziska
Article History
Received: 26 April 2021
Accepted: 9 February 2022
First Online: 11 March 2022
Declarations
:
: The study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration for biomedical research. In Madagascar, ethical approval and clearance were obtained from the Malagasy Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique) with the reference number 098/19-MESupReS/SG/DGRS, following the approval of the project from the Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar, who reviewed and approved the corresponding ethical considerations. Informed written consent was also taken from the local chiefs, who were informed about and approved the procedure for obtaining consent. Further, informed oral consent was taken from each participant. This was not documented, as participants would have feared that their signature or fingerprint could be used of for other purposes. In Switzerland, the study was carried out according to national regulations (Federal Act of 30 September 2011 on Research involving Human Beings, Switzerland). Thus, the approval of the Bern Cantonal Ethics Committee was deemed unnecessary for this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.