Lopez, Victor Jr http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-4889
Ma, Richard
Weinstein, Meryle G.
Hume, Patria A.
Cantu, Robert C.
Victoria, Christian
Queler, Sophie C.
Webb, Khalil J. A.
Allen, Answorth A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
USA Rugby’s Empire and New England Geographic Union Rugby Football Unions (none)
Hospital for Special Surgery (2028)
National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (44-16)
Article History
Received: 21 September 2019
Accepted: 10 July 2020
First Online: 27 August 2020
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
: Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) provided ethics (IRB#21025, #2014-205CR1), and the study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All personal information were secured and de-identified using a coding system. Attendance/data collection was approved by USAR GU RFUs Director’s & United World Sports (also known as USASevens) Officers. All authors are independent of governing bodies (USA Rugby & United World Sports (USASevens), and the project was conducted independently.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests. Weinstein, Hume, Cantu, Victoria, Queler & Webb declare no conflict of interest. Lopez, Ma & Allen-RRIPG board members. Victor Lopez Jr has received research grants from USAR Empire/New England RFU; Victor Lopez Jr & Answorth A. Allen have received research grants from HSS’s Institute for Sports Medicine Research (ISMR ID 2028), NY, NY; and the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (ID 44-16), NC, USA.