Hogan, Elizabeth
Vora, Darshan
Sherman, Jonathan H.
Article History
Received: 6 August 2019
Accepted: 18 March 2020
First Online: 30 March 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: IRB approval was not obtained because it was not required for case reports or case series at our institution. Our hospital IRB states that cases with 4 or less patients do not need to be reviewed. Additionally, all patients mentioned in the series were of the investigators’ own patients involved in direct patient care. Therefore, consent from the patients used in this study was not obtained because this study is exempt under 45-CFR-46.
: Not applicable: our manuscript does not contain any personal patient identification material.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.