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Authors
Gowda, B. H. Jaswanth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-0192
Yalcin, Tahir Emre https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-2335
Pandya, Anjali K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-0739
Gade, Shilpkala https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-771X
Ahmed, Mohammed Gulzar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-9984
Thakur, Raghu Raj Singh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-2082
Donnelly, Ryan F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-4147
Vora, Lalitkumar K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-9066
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose.
: Ryan Donnelly, through his university, has licensed patents on distinct microneedle technologies to individual companies on an individual drug or field of use basis. Similarly, he provides, and has previously provided, through his university, consultancy advice to companies developing microneedle products on an individual technology, drug or field of use basis. The term “microneedles” does not describe a single technology. The microneedle systems described in the present paper are not covered by any patent (out-licensed or otherwise) held by Donnelly, nor does he provide consultancy advice to any company developing microneedle products based on the systems described in this paper, dacarbazine or any other drug used to treat melanoma. Accordingly, Donnelly has no conflict of interest here. The other authors also declare no conflict of interest.
