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Authors
Long, Mackenzie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-4440
Peng, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2468-1164
Gade, Saumya https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5371-1231
Nicholson, Hannah https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3223-2443
Catucci, Michael https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4042-9779
Zdyrski, Christopher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-5298
Pawlak, Aleksandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7449-1661
Corbett, Megan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3277-5525
Saba, Corey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-0801
Laver, Travis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7943-7202
Rawlings, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-6898
Orbay-Cerrato, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-7321
Christianson, Natalie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7270-3568
Elbadawy, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-1535
Nagata, Koichi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-2282
Woodward, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-9567
Allenspach, Karin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-5809
Mochel, Jonathan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-3111
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This submission represents original unpublished work. K. Allenspach is a co-founder of LifEngine Animal Health and 3D Health Solutions. She serves as a consultant for Ceva Animal Health, LifeDiagnostics, Antech Diagnostics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Purina, hills, and Mars. J.P. Mochel is a co-founder of LifEngine Animal Health (LEAH) and 3D Health Solutions. Dr. Mochel is a consultant for Ceva Animal Health, Ethos Animal Health, Dechra ltd, and LifEngine Animal Health. C. Zdyrski is the Director of Research and Product Development at 3D Health Solutions. Other authors do not have any competing interests to declare.
: ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI, 2025) was used to improve the grammar of this manuscript. Its use was limited to enhancing readability, without altering the scientific content or interpretations. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
