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Authors
Swords, Douglas S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-6992
Bednarski, Brian K.
Messick, Craig A.
Tillman, Matthew M.
Chang, George J.
You, Y. Nancy
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Article History
Received: 5 February 2021
Accepted: 24 July 2021
First Online: 18 August 2021
Financial Disclosures
: None.
: The NCDB data used in this study are derived from a deidentified NCDB file. The American College of Surgeons and the Commission on Cancer have not verified and are not responsible for the analytic or statistical methodology employed or the conclusions drawn from these data by the investigators.
: Presented in the Quality Improvement/Clinical Outcomes Virtual Forum at the SSO 2021 International Conference on Surgical Cancer Care on 18 March 2021.
