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Article History

First Online: 9 May 2022

Disclosure

: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript are reported as follows. Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer (granted 2002-09-06); Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer (granted 2003-06-19); Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease (granted 2004-08-05); and Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (granted 2010-07-20). He has also undertaken a consulting or advisory role for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, Ipsen, Jansen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen, and Wolff. Yair Lotan has undertaken a consulting role for Nanorobotics (commencing May 2021), C2i genomics (commencing October 2020), Fergene, Abbvie (commencing June 2020), Cleveland Diagnostics, Nucleix, Ambu, Seattle Genetics (agreement December 2020), Hitachi (January 2020), Ferring Research (February 2020), Verity Pharmaceuticals, Virtuoso Surgical (commenced March 2021), Nanorobot (commenced June 2021), and Stimit (commenced July 2021), and has undertaken a consultant/advisory role for Photocure (scientific study or trial), Astra-Zeneca, and Merck. He has also undertaken research work for Abbott (scientific study or trial, completed March 2019), Cepheid (scientific study or trial), Pacific Edge (scientific study or trial), FKD (scientific study or trial, completed 2019), MDxHealth (scientific study or trial), Biocancell (scientific study or trial, ended January 2020), GenomeDx Biosciences, Inc. (scientific study or trial), and Storz (scientific study). Keiichiro Mori, Victor M. Schuettfort, Satoshi Katayama, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Benjamin Pradere, Fahad Quhal, Reza Sari Motlagh, Hadi Mostafaei, Nico C. Grossmann, Pawel Rajwa, Jeremy Y.C. Teoh, Irene Resch, Harun Fajkovic, Marco Moschini, David D’andrea, Mohammad Abufaraj, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Douglas Scherr, Shin Egawa, and Eva Compérat have declared no conflicts of interest.