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Article History

Received: 11 December 2023

Accepted: 23 January 2025

First Online: 13 February 2025

Disclosure

: Dr. Edmonson: advisory board, Impedimed. All other authors report no financial or commercial relationships that have a special interest in this study and received no financial or material support in conducting this work. The authors declare that none among them possess any conflicts of interest, including relevant financial interests, activities, relationships, and affiliations, that would in any way affect this manuscript or its conclusions.

: The first and second authors had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

: The database utilized in this study is a free, publicly available database from the American College of Surgeons which is available upon request. No additional non-public data were used in this study.

: This manuscript, along with the data collection, preparation, analysis, conclusions, writing, and references, was produced solely by the authors without the use of any artificial intelligence technology.