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Article History

Received: 20 March 2025

Accepted: 25 April 2025

First Online: 24 May 2025

Disclosures

: Dr. Michelle M. Dugan, Jacob Israeli, Nicholas Chin, Dr. Caitlyn Balsay-Patel, Dr. Anne Huibers, and Wenyi Fan have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Dr. Roger Olofsson Bagge has received institutional research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Endomagnetics Ltd (Endomag) and SkyLineDx, speaker honorarium from Roche, Pfizer and Pierre-Fabre, and has served on advisory boards for Amgen, BD/BARD, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Novartis, Roche and Sanofi Genzyme, and is a shareholder in SATMEG Ventures AB. Dr. Jonathan S. Zager has received payments from Delcath Systems – Medical Advisory Board. He has consulting agreements with Philogen, Merit Medical, Castle Biosciences, and Merck. His department receives research funding from Philogen, SWOG, Delcath Systems, and Provectus. High Flow ILI patent. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

: This research was conducted under the approval of the Advarra IRB, approval number Pro00072457 (FWA 00023875), located in Columbia, Maryland (6100 Merriweather Drive, Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044), approved on July 6, 2023. The Advarra IRB deemed the study as exempt, and patient informed consent was not required.