Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 30 October 2025

Disclosures

: Nakayama reports receiving research funding from Astellas, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and honoria from Astellas, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Daiichi Sankyo, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. T. Kuwata reports receiving consulting fees from Amgen, Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Roche Diagnostics, and honoraria from Agilent, Astellas, Bristol Myer Squibb, Chugai Pharm, Falco Biosystems, Guardant Health, GxD, MSD, Roche Diagnostics, and SRL. Kohei Shitara reports receiving personal fees for consulting and advisory roles from Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Pharmaceutical, Astellas, Guardant Health Japan, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Zymeworks Biopharmaceuticals, ALX Oncology Inc., Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., HEALIOS K.K., and Moderna.Inc, and Arcus Biosciences Inc.; receiving honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ono Pharmaceutical, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Astellas, and AstraZeneca; and receiving research funding (all to institution) from Astellas, Ono Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai, Merck Pharmaceutical, Amgen, Eisai, PRA Health Sciences, Syneos Health, AstraZeneca, PPD-SNBL K.K. and TORAY.

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions.

: Comprehensive informed consent regarding the retrospective study was obtained from all patients prior to treatment.