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Article History

First Online: 17 November 2025

Disclosure

: E.M.O. and G.K.A. report research funding to institution from Abbvie, Agenus, Arcus, Astra Zeneca, Atara, Beigene, BioNtech, BMS, Digestive Care, Elicio, Genentech/Roche, Helsinn, Parker Institute, Pertyze, and Yiviva and consulting support from Abbvie, Ability Pharma, Agenus, Alligator Biosciences, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Arcus, Autem, Berry Genomics, BioNtech, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Fibrogen, Genentech/Roche, Ipsen, J-Pharma, Merck, Merus, Moma Therapeutics, Neogene, Novartis, Regeneron, Revolution Medicines, Servier, Syros,Tango, Tempus, Vector, and Yiviva. J.D. reports employment and leadership at American Regent (spouse), and stock and other ownership interests in Alnylam, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, and Ions pharmaceuticals. V.P.B. reports research funding from Genetech/Roche and is an inventor on patent applications related to antigen cross-reactivity and neoantigen quality modeling. A.C.W. reports consulting support from Histosonics and clinical trial funding from Ipsen. J.J.H. has received consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Elevar, Exelexis, Hepion, Medivir, Merck, Rayze Bio, Servier, Tempus, Tyra, Jazz, and Cogent; and has received research funds from Abbvie, Astrazenica, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Jazz, Kinnate, LOXO@LILLY, Tvardi, and Zymeworks. L.C. reports Consultancy Work for Intera Oncology. W.P. reports research funding to institution from NIH/NCI, Merck, Astellas, Miracogen, Amgen, Revolution Medicines, Break Through Cancer, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (PICI), Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, and The Society of MSK; and consultancy and advisory board support from Astellas, EXACT Therapeutics, and Innovent Biologoics. A.C. reports research funding to institution from NIH, Swim Across America, Stand Up to Cancer, Cycle for Survival, and V Foundation and consulting support from Abbvie, Amgen, Agenus, Daiichi Sanyko, Merkc, GSK, Regeneron, Pfizer, and Janssen. W.R.J. reports funding to institution from NIH grant U01 CA238444-01A1. All other authors have nothing to declare.