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Authors
Gnangnon, Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue
Parenté, Alexis
Allayambaye, Togueyadji Emmanuel
Sacca, Hélène Robin
Amidou, Salmane
Dossou-Yovo, Benjamin
Mboko, Justie Kyria Houlda Mfoutou
Boni, Richard Biaou
Toume, Cosme
Blanquet, Véronique
Preux, Pierre-Marie
Houinato, Dismand Stephan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Université de Limoges
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 11 January 2026
Disclosure
: This study received funding from Institute for Research on Development (IRD) to organize data collection. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: During the preparation of this article, the generative artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT (GPT-5, developed by OpenAI; accessed in August 2025), developed by OpenAI, was used occasionally to assist with the translation and reformulation of specific paragraphs. Its use was limited to linguistic clarifications, and all content was thoroughly reviewed, validated, and finalized by the authors.
