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First Online: 26 March 2026

Disclosure

: Snehal G. Patel declared the following potential conflict of interest unrelated to the submitted work: Patent PCT/US2016/026717 Methods of Cancer Detection Using PARPI-FL pending, holds equity in Summit Biomedical Imaging; Patent US 10,016,238 B2 Apparatus, system and method for providing laser steering and focusing for incision, excision, and ablation of tissue in minimally invasive surgery; Patent PCT/US2014/073053 Systems, methods, and apparatus for multichannel imaging of fluorescent sources in real time; Patent PCT/US2015/065816 Cyclic peptides with enhanced nerve-binding selectivity, nanoparticles bound with said cyclic peptides, and use of same for real-time in vivo nerve tissue imaging and Patent PCT/US2016/066969 Imaging systems and methods for tissue differentiation, e.g., for intraoperative visualization. Raja Seethala declared the following potential conflict of interest unrelated to the submitted work: leadership of Head and Neck Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) [NIH 5P50CA097190-17]; Core Leader Histology and Tissue Bank and Developmental Research Pilot “Stem-like populations of salivary biphasic carcinomas and tumor sphere formation.” Ali Hosni declared the following potential conflict of interest unrelated to the submitted work: leadership of liver TSG at ELEKTA MRL consortium. ELEKTA investigator initiated grant: partial funding of ULTRAS phase III randomized clinical trial. Patrick Ha—Consulting: Johnson & Johnson; Royalties: Wolters-Kluwer, Wiley. Cristina Rodriguez received institutional funding for clinical trials involving salivary gland cancers from BMS, Merck, Rgenta, Prelude, Onco-C4. All other authors declare no competing interests.