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Authors
Vachtenheim Jr, Jiri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-4242
Casas-Mendez, Fernando
Novysedlak, Rene
Tavandzis, Janis
Capkova, Linda
Vajter, Jaromir
Szkorupa, Marek
Kultan, Juraj
Taskova, Alice
Koziar Vasakova, Martina
Skala, Martin
Svaton, Martin
Maly, Vilem
Sulc, David
Hanke, Ivo
Hrnciarik, Michal
Mitas, Ladislav
Bratova, Monika
Tulinsky, Lubomir
Cernekova, Radoslava
Ozaniak Strizova, Zuzana
Kuhn, Matyas
Sepesi, Boris
Palich Fucikova, Jitka
Lischke, Robert
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Internal grant No. 6028)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze (Program Cooperatio)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze (research area SURG)
Charles University
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2026
Accepted: 16 July 2026
First Online: 30 July 2026
Disclosure
Conflict of interest: Dr. Vachtenheim Jr has received consultancy fees for speaker honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb and travel reimbursements from AstraZeneca. Dr. Casas-Mendez has received speaker honoraria and travel grants and has served on advisory boards for Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Capkova has received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Merck, MSD, BMS, and Roche and has served on the advisory board for Merck and BMS. Dr. Szkorupa has received consultancy fees for speaker honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Kultan has received consultancy fees for speaker honoraria from Janssen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Ewopharma, Pfizer, Amgen, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, and Roche. Dr. Svaton has received financial income (lecturing and advisory boards) and educational support from Astra Zeneca, BMS, MSD, and Roche. Dr. Sulc has received honoraria and consulting fees from Pierre Fabre, BMS, and MSD. Dr. Hrnciarik has received consultancy fees for advisory board roles with AstraZeneca, BMS, and Roche. Dr. Bratova has received consultancy fees from BMS, AstraZeneca, MSD, Johnson & Johnson, and Pfizer. Dr. Cernekova has received consultancy fees for an advisory board role from BMS. Dr. Kuhn worked as a statistician for clinical trials and research projects sponsored by pharmaceutical companies such as AstraZeneca, Novartis, and AOP health. Dr. Sepesi has received consultancy fees for speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca. Dr. Lischke has received consultancy fees for work as an advisor and speaker for AstraZeneca, MSD, BMS, and proctor for Intuitive Surgical. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Use of AI: The authors acknowledge the use of ChatGPT (OpenAI, version February 2026) for grammatical corrections and phrasing refinements in the preparation of this manuscript. All content was thoroughly reviewed and approved by the investigators to ensure accuracy, scientific rigor, and adherence to ethical standards. The use of AI-assisted tools was limited to language enhancement and did not influence the study design, data analysis, or conclusions.
