O’Shea, Anne E.
Bohan, Phillip M. Kemp
Carpenter, Elizabeth L.
McCarthy, Patrick M.
Adams, Alexandra M.
Chick, Robert C.
Bader, Julia O.
Krell, Robert W.
Peoples, George E.
Clifton, Guy T.
Nelson, Daniel W.
Vreeland, Timothy J.
Article History
Received: 23 August 2021
Accepted: 5 April 2022
First Online: 18 May 2022
Disclosure
: There are no conflicts of interest.
: The NCDB is a joint project of the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society. The data used in the study are derived from a de-identified NCDB file. The American College of Surgeons and the Commission on Cancer have not verified and are not responsible for the analytic or statistical methodology used or the conclusions drawn from these data by the investigator.